... model1
Note that in the FMRI literature this has previously been referred to as a random-effects model. Within this paper, however, the separate fixed- and random-effects contributions to the mixed-effects variance are considered, thus making a clear distinction between ``random-'' and ``mixed-effects'' important.
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... mixed-effects2
This naturally includes fixed-effects tests simply by assuming that the group-level (co-)variance matrix $ V_{\mbox{\tiny\textit{\sffamily {$\!$G}}}}^{\mbox{}}$ is zero.
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